inclosure bills (which are no bad measure of the agricultural spirit) has amounted to 592.-But we quit a subject on which, if any error has been committed, we confidently expect, through the mercy of God, a correction from the wisdom of Parliament, in order to advert to one, which, alas! not Parliament, but the sword, as we fear, must decide. On the 26th of February, Bonaparte quitted Elba, in four vessels, with about 900 men; and, escaping all the cruizers, both French and English, landed on the 1st inst. in the Gulph of Juan, near Antibes. The garrison of Antibes appears to have refused to receive him; but, with this single exception, he pursued an unresisted and indeed almost triumphant course to Paris. He proceeded from the Gulph of Juan through Cannes,Bareme, Digne, and Gap, to Grenoble. Here was the first semblance of opposition: a body of men had advanced apparently to arrest his progress. He alighted and approached them, was instantly recognized, and received with an enthusiastic shout of Vive l'Empereur! He advanced to Grenoble, where the garrison and the population joined in the same shout; and at 10 o'clock of the night of the 7th, he was master of Grenoble, and of its magazines, and had added upwards of 6000 regular troops to his little army. From Grenoble he proceeded, by forced marches, to Lyons, which he reached by nine o'clock of the 10th. The Count d'Artois had made every exertion to secure the troops of this garrison, but in vain. He was obliged to withdraw, and Bonaparte made his entry into the second city of France with scarcely an attendant, and was received with the mingled acclamations of the soldiery and people. After remaining two days at Lyons, he pursued his march to the capital; at every step receiving fresh proofs that his return was acceptable to the armies, and even to the people of France. He reached Fontainbleau early in the morning of the 20th. Learning, soon after, that Louis XVIII. had quitted Paris the day before, he set off for that city, and entered the palace of the Thuilleries at nine the same evening. The French government first heard of the landing of Bonaparte on the 5th instant. They appear to have adopted every means in their power of arresting his progress; but all means were un availing. The soldiery, and even the superior officers, with a very few ex• ceptions, were all eager for the resto ration of a chief, whose crimes they appear to have merged in the hope of his avenging their past defeats, and reviving the military glory of France. They no sooner approached Bonaparte than their defection instantly followed. And the very army which had been prepared at Paris to overwhelm him, together with the whole of the national guard, the only military body on which the slightest reliance could be placed, laid down their arms as soon as he ́ appeared, and hailed him with the loud est bursts of exultation. Louis XVIII. continued at his post while there remained the faintest hope of saving France. But the treachery of one army and commander after ano. ther, even of those, as Ney, who had most strongly professed their attachment to him; and the manifest state of public feeling in Paris, and in all the provinces through which Bonaparte had passed, left no room at length for hesitation. He quitted Paris on the 19th, and proceeded to Flanders, followed by a small body of troops; his intention being evidently to unite himself to the allied armies which still hover on the borders of France. WhatTM course they will pursue, it is impossible, as yet, to say; but the probability is, that Bonaparte will leave them no alternative, and that he will, without delay, make an effort to re-annex Belgium to France. If so, the war is at once re-kindled, and the united armies of Europe will have once more to contend with this military adventurer for the peace and freedom of the world.. The Duke of Wellington is said to have been appointed generalissimo of all the allied armies. From the moment Bonaparté entered France, he distributed proclamations which were most insidiously adapted to promote his own views both with the soldiery and the lower classes of the people; and we have little doubt that these proclamations have had a mighty influence. We must look, however, to a higher Source for the real cause of this fearful change. The Almighty has his own purposes to answer by the dispensation; and we await with awe and trembling, but not without hope, their developement. Bonaparte, since his return to France, has not been slow or sparing in the work of overthrowing all that had been done in his absence. He has abrogated the constitutional charter; dissolved the two legislative chambers; banished from France, before the 28th inst. all emigrants returned during his abdica tion, who, if found lingering beyond that time, will be punished with death; stript of their military rank those who have entered the service during the same period; suppressed the household troops and Swiss guards; annulled the orders of St. Louis, St. Michael, and the Holy Ghost; sequestrated the private property of the Bourbons, with the unsold domains that were restored to the former possessors; prohibited the titles of the ancient noblesse; and reared again the tri-coloured flag and cockade, in place of the royal flag and cockade. Among the ministers he has named, are Davoust, Savary, Fouche, Carnot, Cambaceres, and Caulincourt. In these awful circumstances, but one feeling, we should conceive, can fill the breast of any honest, wise, or benevolent man-and but one prayer can arise from every corner of the civilized world. With Bonaparte on the throne of France Europe cannot have the smallest security for peace, and we fear must continue to be a great military commonwealth. The prospect is truly tremendous, whether we look to the renewed visitations of war with all its attendant calamities; to the increase of our own financial difficulties; or to the moral evils which may be anticipated. May the Almighty avert them!-We will, however, freely confess, that we are less astonished than grieved at the present state of things. Many reports had indeed reached us of the most ominous nature to the Bourbon interest; and it was evident that the state of public feeling in France was very unfavourable to the continuance of their tranquil reign. But what chiefly pressed upon our minds, was the doubt whether the dreadful inflictions which France and Europe had sustained, had produced their intended effect in the progress of truth and holiness.-What are the grand moral lessons which the world has derived from the unexpected close of the late contest, and from the calamitous struggles which preceded it? What higher and better principle has discovered itself in the late Congress at Vienna? What acceleration is given to the march of piety and justice? What new and important truth is recognized by the nations, so long afflicted, and so providentially res cued? If still some of the sovereigns of Europe can endure the slavery of millions of human beings-can some of them even partake in a traffic in blood, and in the devastation of a whole quarter of the globe* ;-ifin one place we see the extinguished fires of the Inquisition again kindled; in another, the most demoralizing institutions revived and cherished; in a third, the exploded mummery of the papal superstition restored;-if, in addition to this, there has been on the part of the allied monarchs any violation of plighted faith, or any deliberate deviation from the high principles avowed in the face of Europe, then, we must say, that, much as the soil has been ploughed by the share of adversity, the proper harvest has not sprung up on it. Nor do we expect to see peace resume its permanent empire in the world, till the powers of the world display, to a greater extent, a disposition to employ that peace for the best purposes. If we have been stricken in vain, we probably shall be stricken more deeply.-It certainly is no small consolation to ourselves, that the troubled waves do not appear to have rolled over this country without leaving at least some precious deposit behind them. Perhaps during no period of our history have more important ad Lord Castlereagh stated in the House of Commons, that the following was the agreement effected at Congress, on the subject of the Slave Trade:France adhered to it for the five years specified in the treaty of Paris, but had agreed to exempt a portion of Northern Africa, not yet very precisely. defined, from its ravages. Portugal agreed to abolish the Slave Trade on the coast north of the Equator; and both Portugal and Spain engaged to abolish it entirely at the end of eight years. Spain, moreover, consented to limit her Slave Trade to an extent of ten degrees of latitude; but had un fortunately selected ten degrees north of the Equator, the very space where England had begun the work of civilization, where Portugal had abolished, and France was inclined to abolish, the trade. Lord Castlereagh, however, was of opinion that she would exchange this space for ten degrees south of the line. Spain also engaged that her flag should not be employed to protect any Slave Trade not bona fide Spanish. vances been made in the pursuits of religion and benevolence,than during the last 20 years. The abolition of the Slave Trade, the vast extension of education, the creation of the Bible Society, the general increase of Christian light, the gift of the Gospel to India, are all events contemporaneous with the war, and are so many evidences, we trust, that we have not been scourged in vain. These are better arches of triumph and safety than those built with the bones, and cemented with the blood, of our fellow-creatures. These, we hope and pray, should the storm again arise, and launch the flashes of Almighty vengeance on a guilty world, will arrest the lightnings in their course, and conduct them innoxious to the ground. In the mean time, let the priest at his altar, and every private man in his hours of retirement with his God, call for mercy upon a sinful world-and endeavour to avert the wrath of Heaven, by presenting to it, in his own country and family at least, a scene of national and domestic piety and love. We are happy, amid these melancholy events, and still more melancholy fore. bodings, to announce that the Treaty of Peace with the United States of America has been ratified. We sincerely rejoice that we are again at one with these our brethren. OBITUARY. THE REV. CLAUDIUS BUCHANAN, D.D. AMONG the friends of religion and benevolence who were assembled around the grave of the late revered Henry Thornton, was CLAUDIUS BUCHANAN. And those who know any thing of the history of Dr. Buchanan-of his peculiar obligations to that distinguished manof his just appreciation of virtue and talent, may believe that no man shed more sincere tears over that lamented grave than himself, It may well be believed that he then felt, as he seemed to feel, in common with a multitude of other persons, another of those ties destroyed by which he had been fastened to the world. It has pleased God that he should not long survive to lament over his friend; but that he should be removed almost contemporaneously with him to "arise" at once as his witness at the bar of Heaven, and "call him blessed." Those whose hearts are as deeply affected with these events as our own, will, perhaps, find the same melancholy satisfaction which we have felt in contemplating the re-union of these, in all essential points, kindred spirits in regions where change and separation are unknown. It is by no means our intention to enter at large upon the history of Dr. Buchanan's life and death; as we trust that such a history will be given by others better qualified to discharge so important a task. We should feel, however, very deficient in our duty to the numerous sorrowing readers of this work, if we left such an event as his death unnoticed. Dr. Buchanan died suddenly, on the 9th of February, 1815, at the village of Broxbourne, whither he had retired, in order to superintend the printing of an edition of the Syriac Scriptures. Although his age was not such as to have filled his friends with any apprehension of his dissolution, as he was only 48 years old; yet those who had observed the rapid march of disease in his constitution, could not have expected that his life would be long continued. He brought from India a constitution debilitated by a life of strenuous exertion in an unfavourable climate. And, since his return, his frame had sustained more than one attack which might have been thought likely to destroy even that of a stronger man. Still, in this reduced state, such was the prevalence of mind over body, of prin ciple over the languor of disease and decrepitude, that, till almost the hour of his death, he was employed rarely less than nine hours daily in preparing for the press a Syriac copy of the Scriptures a copy designed for the especial use of a large body of native Christians in India whom he himself had visited, and in whose fate he was deeply interested. When we consider the motives by which he was influenced, the principle on which he acted, the integrity and vigour with which he carried that principle into effectthe contest, even to his dying moment, with all that is usually supposed to warrant repose and selfindulgence-may we not confidently say, "Blessed is that servant whom his Lord, when he cometh, shall find so doing?" It need scarcely be added, that the zeal of Dr. Buchanan had been mainly directed to the conversion of the natives of India. In no very long time after he had planted his feet upon that burning soil, he seems to have felt himself called to plead the cause of that benighted country. For a certain time his exertions were chiefly confined to the sphere in which he moved in India. But at length he deemed it right to endeavour to draw the attention of his countrymen in Europe, to the state of the East. And, by the wide circulation of important and indisputable documents; by the offer of magnificent prizes, for essays, poems, and sermons, to the Universities of England and Scotland; by the strenuous exercise of his personal influence with many who loved and respected him; he certainly became a means, in the hand of Providence, of stimulating the nation to exertions for the instruction of the East, more worthy of its character and of the religion of Christ. If the present state of opinion in this Country be compared with its state when Dr. Buchanan entered upon these labours-if its condition when little was to be heard but the halfsuppressed wishes and prayers of a few pious and obscure men, be contrasted with that in which the tables of Parliament were groaning with petitions, and with petitions no sooner heard than granted-we cannot but thank God who "put it into his heart" to engage in this great work, and protracted his life till, at least, greater facilities were obtained for its completion. In our gratitude to living champions of this cause, let us not forget who was ever foremost in the ranks of our successful warfare:-it was Claudius Buchanan. He may be said to have marched in the front of this Eastern crusade.-He instructed us also in what we cannot but deem the best means of securing the conquests which may be made by Christianity in the East, viz. the placing of the conquests of churchmen under the wing of the mother church-that wing under which piety and virtue have found a refuge for so many generations. We conclude with expressing a devout wish and prayer, that the labours of Dr. Buchanan may not fail of their consequences; by any negligence in those who survive him. It is for those to whom God has given health and strength, to stand in the breach which his death has occasioned. It is for them to sow the seed, now that he has prepared the soil. It is for them, as he has done, to travel through good report and evil report; to pray, to toil, to sacrifice for the salvation of uncounted millions of human creatures. It is for us all to consider his death as a fresh stimulus to active exertion. If our benevolence should slumber, if our zeal should be paralized, let us call to mind his labours, offer new and more anxious supplication for the assistance of Heaven, and solemnly engage that we will, by the mercy of God, live and die soldiers in the same cause for which he lived and died. Small was the preparation by which this servant of God was summoned to his rest. On the evening of the 9th of February, he complained of indisposition; and during the same night he died, even before his medical attendant could reach him. He had been twice married; and survived both his wives. By his first lady he has left two daughters-may the God of their father bless and prosper them! ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. S. W.; T. S.; AN OLD FELLOW (in part); THE BOOK OF HOMILIES, will be inserted. VERAX has been received, and, notwithstanding the want of courtesy with which insertion is desired, will also be inserted. THEOGNIS; B. K.; A WORCESTERSHIRE CLERGYMAN; E. A.; TALMIDON; D. E. have been received, and are under consideration, M. A. B. is not wanting in ingenuity; but we doubt the expediency of the plan he proposes. The recommendation of E. B. has always great weight with us; but the paper to which he refers is not likely, we think, to excite general interest. The paper of R. S. T. is returned to Mr. Hatehard. We beg to thank him for his communication, but shrink from the endless discussion to which it would lead. We trust that the heterodox sentiments of a self-called TRINITARIAN do not warrant the sort of deceit practised upon his title-page. Our orthodox opinions strongly condemn it. We should recommend to AN INQUIRER a private communication with the re spectable author to whom he refers. The subject of his inquiry is important. J. R. is much mistaken in conceiving that " any thing invidious" prevails in our feelings towards any kindred periodical work. But, on the same principle that we should not knowingly insert a Review or an Essay which had appeared in other publications, we feel it right, though with gratitude for the author's kind intentions towards us, to decline inserting the communication of J. R. It is returned to Mr. Hatchard. We shall be happy, if possible to attend to the request of T. S. We beg to remind JOHN, that Milner's Ecclesiastical History is in the hands of most of our readers. We refer our Lancashire Correspondent, T. S., to the reply given above to E. B. It may serve as a reply to more than one of our Correspondents, that we are not answerable for the language employed upon our blue covers. We beg to suggest to Oude that an honest statement of the change of opinion of which he speaks, would probably lead the parties to the conclusion most to be desired. We shall be glad to know that W. S. thinks we have benefited by his observas tions. We receive, however, many communications of the most opposite complexion. The Secretary of the Society for Poor Pious Clergy is the Rev. Mr. Goode, St. Ann's, Blackfriars, London. ERRATA. P. 76, col. 1, lines 22-30. The passage should have run thus: "The world, as used in the New Testament, refers either to open idolaters or to the professed, but corrupted worshippers of the true. God. When our Saviour said, Ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world,' he spoke of his disciples as separated from the Jewish nation," &c. P. 77, col. 2, line 9, for remembering, read resembling. line 4 from bottom, for advantages, read advances: P. 146, col. 1, line 37, for hope, as, read hope is. Present No. p. 141, col. 2, line 30, for know, read known, p. 152, col. 2, line 18, for my, read by. line 31, for in, read on. p. 184, col. 2, line 15, after crumeration, read of: |