KING, J., Safeguarding Petitions, Equity, vol. 16, pp. 80-5 (1914). KITTLE, W., Putting Government in People's Hands, La Follette's Magazine, vol. 2, pp. 7–8 (1910).

LA ROCHE, W. P., Constitution and Convention, Proceedings of the Oregon Bar Association, 1908-10, pp. 139-47.

LOWELL, A. L., Public Opinion and Popular Government (1913). LOWELL, S. A., Direct Legislation, Proceedings of the Oregon Bar Association, 1898-9, pp. 60710

MCARTHUR, C. N., Need of a Constitutional Convention, Proceedings of the Oregon Bar Association, 1908-10, pp. 148-65.

MCCALL, S. W., Representative as Against Direct Government, Proceedings of Ohio State Bar Association, 1911, pp. 67-89.

MCCALL, S. W., Representative as Against Direct Government, Atlantic Monthly, vol. 108, pp. 454-66 (1911).

MCCULLOCH, C. H., People's Rule in Oregon, Arena, vol. 41, pp. 461-6 (1909).

MINOR, W., Closing Address, Proceedings of the Oregon Bar Association, 1908-10, pp. 166-76.

MONTAGUE, R. W., Oregon System at Work, National Municipal Review, vol. 3, pp. 256-83 (1914).

Most Important Political Event of the Year, Arena, vol. 36, pp. 186-8 (1906).

News from Oregon, Direct Legislation Record, vol. 3, p. 18 (1901).

OGBURN, W. F., Initiative and Referendum Tested in Hard Times, Survey, vol. 33, 693-4 (1915).

OGBURN, W. F., Methods of Direct Legislation in Oregon, Publications of the American Statistical Association, N.S., vol. 14, pp. 13655 (1914).

OGBURN, W. F., Social Legislation on the Pacific Coast, Popular Science
Monthly, vol. 86, pp. 274-89 (1915).

Oregon, Direct Legislation Record, vol. 7, pp. 69-70 (1900).
Oregon Election, Equity, vol. 10, pp. 67-70 (1908).

Oregon and Genuine Representative Government, Twentieth Century
Magazine, vol. 2, pp. 261–2 (1910).

Oregon to the Front, Equity, vol. 6, pp. 25-6 (1906).

Oregon Vote, Equity, vol. 6, pp. 25–6 (1906).

OWEN, R. L., Code of People's Rule, Senate Doc. No. 603, 61st Cong.,

2d Sess. (1910).

OWEN, R. L., Oregon System in Practice, Journal of Accountancy, vol. 12, pp. 101-3 (1911).

PAINE, R. T., Lincoln's Ideal Carried Out in Oregon, Arena, vol. 40, pp. 283-6 (1908).

PEASE, L., Initiative and Referendum-Oregon's "Big Stick," Pacific Monthly, vol. 17, pp. 563-75 (1907).

People's Power League, Introductory Letter, 1911.

RAINE, W. M., Referendum at Work, World To-day, vol. 11, pp. 126872 (1906).

Responsible Government, Outlook, vol. 89, pp. 363-4 (1908).

SCHAFER, J., Oregon as a Political Experiment Station, Review of Reviews, vol. 34, pp. 172–6 (1906).

SHIBLEY, G. H., Initiative and Referendum in Practical Operation, Arena, vol. 40, pp. 142–50 (1908).

SHIBLEY, G. H., Judges Attack Oregon Amendment for Majority Rule, Arena, vol. 30, pp. 613-6 (1903).

SHIBLEY, G. H., Majority Rule System, Arena, vol. 31, pp. 284-5 (1904).

SHIPPEE, L. B., Oregon's Initiative and Referendum Again, Atlantic Monthly, vol. 109, pp. 429-32 (1912).

SHIPPEE, L. B., What of the Legislature? Overland Monthly, vol. 60, pp. 62-8 (1912).

Singular Political Situation, Outlook, vol. 89, pp. 313-4 (1908).

SMITH, C., and EDWARD, H. P., Behind the Scenes at Salem (1911).

SNOW, C. M., Letting the People Speak, Harper's Weekly, vol. 55, Apr. 22, 1911, p. 9.

STEFFENS, L., U'Ren, The Law-Giver, American Magazine, vol. 65, pp. 527-40 (1908).

STICKLEY, G., New Methods of Getting the Government Back into the Hands of the People, Craftsman, vol. 20, pp. 192-6 (1911). Strengthen the Oregon Plan, Independent, vol. 69, pp. 604–5 (1910).

Q

TEAL, J. N., Practical Workings of the Initiative and Referendum in Oregon, Proceedings of the Cincinnati Conference for Good City Government, 1909, pp. 309-25.

THACHER, G. A., Initiative and Referendum in Oregon, Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, vol. 4, pp. 198–221 (1907). THACHER, G. A., Initiative and Referendum in Oregon, Independent, vol. 64, pp. 1191–5 (1908).

THACHER, G. A., Initiative, Referendum, and Popular Election of Senators in Oregon, American Political Science Review, vol. 2, pp. 601-5 (1908).

THACHER, G. A., Oregon Election, Independent, vol. 64, pp. 1444-7

(1908).

THACHER, G. A., Interesting Election in Oregon, Independent, vol. 69, pp. 1434-8 (1910).

THACHER, G. A., Significance of the Oregon Experiment, Outlook, vol. 83, pp. 612-4 (1906).

Triumphant Democracy, Arena, vol. 40, pp. 239-41 (1908).

Truth about Oregon, Equity, vol. 16, pp. 73-8 (1914).

U'REN, W. S., Initiative and Referendum in Oregon, Arena, vol. 29, pp. 270-5 (1903).

U'REN, W. S., Operation of the Initiative and Referendum in Oregon, Arena, vol. 32, pp. 128-31 (1904).

U'REN, W. S., Oregon's Experience with the Initiative and Referendum, La Follette's Magazine, Apr. 23, 1910, p. 6.

U'REN, W. S., Record of Direct Legislation in Oregon, Equity, vol. 12, pp. 56-7 (1910).

U'REN, W. S., Results of the Initiative and Referendum in Oregon, Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, vol. 4, pp. 193-7 (1907).

U'REN, W. S., State and County Government in Oregon and Proposed Changes, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 47, pp. 271-3 (1913).

U'REN, W. S., Six Years of the Initiative and Referendum in Oregon, Chicago City Club Bulletin, vol. 2, pp. 465-78 (1909).

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Working of the Oregon System, Nation, vol. 98, pp. 451-2 (1914).

YOUNG, F. G., Oregon History for Oregon System, Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society, vol. 12, pp. 264–8 (1911).

II. CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS

1. THE INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM

1. CONSTITUTION

ART. I, SEC. 21. Nor shall any law be passed, the taking effect of which shall be made to depend upon any authority, except as provided in this constitution; provided, that laws locating the capital of the state, locating county seats, and submitting town and corporate acts, and other local and special laws, may take effect or not, upon a vote of the electors interested (1859).

ART. 4, SEC. I. The legislative authority of the state shall be vested in a legislative assembly, consisting of a senate and house of representatives, but the people reserve to themselves power to propose laws and amendments to the constitution and to enact or reject the same at the polls, independent of the legislative assembly, and also reserve power at their own option to approve or reject at the polls any act of the legislative assembly. The first power reserved by the people is the initiative, and not more than eight per cent of the legal voters shall be required to propose any measure by such petition, and every such petition shall include the full text of the measure so proposed. Initiative petitions shall be filed with the secretary of state not less than four months before the election at which they are to be voted upon. The second power is the referendum, and it may be ordered (except as to laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety), either by the petition signed by five per cent of the legal voters, or by the legislative assembly, as other

bills are enacted. Referendum petitions shall be filed with the secretary of state not more than ninety days after the final adjournment of the session of the legislative assembly which passed the bill on which the referendum is demanded. The veto power of the governor shall not extend to measures referred to the people. All elections on measures referred to the people of the state shall be had at the biennial regular general elections, except when the legislative assembly shall order a special election. Any measure referred to the people shall take effect and become the law when it is approved by a majority of the votes cast thereon, and not otherwise. The style of all bills shall be: "Be it enacted by the people of the state of Oregon.” This section shall not be construed to deprive any member of the legislative assembly of the right to introduce any measure. The whole number of votes cast for justice of the supreme court at the regular election last preceding the filing of any petition for the initiative or for the referendum shall be the basis on which the number of legal voters necessary to sign such petition shall be counted. Petitions and orders for the initiative and for the referendum shall be filed with the secretary of state, and in submitting the same to the people he, and all other officers, shall be guided by the general laws and the act submitting this amendment, until legislation shall be especially provided therefor (1902).

ART. 4, SEC. Ia. The referendum may be demanded by the people against one or more items, sections, or parts of any act of the legislative assembly in the same manner in which such power may be exercised against a complete act. The filing of a referendum petition against one or more items, sections, or parts of an act shall not delay the remainder of that act from becoming operative. The initiative and referendum powers reserved to the people by this constitution are hereby further reserved to the legal voters of every municipality and district, as to all local, special and municipal legislation, of every character, in or for their respective municipalities and districts. The manner of exercising said powers shall be prescribed by general laws, except that cities and towns may provide for the manner of exercising the initiative and referendum powers as to their municipal legislation. Not more than ten per cent of the legal voters may be required to order the referendum nor more than fifteen per cent to propose any measure, by the initiative, in any city or town (1906).