564. VEHEMENCE OF ACTION. Cicero- Three Modes of Forming Theories very judiciously observes, that a speaker One-to imagine them, and then search for facts nust remit, occasionally, the vehemence of to sustain, prove and confirm them; one-to colhis actions, and not utter every passage with all the force, of which he is capable; so as to set off, more strongly, the emphatical parts; as painters make their figures stand out bolder, by means of light and shades: there are always strong points, as they may be called, in every well written piece, which must always be attended to, thus hill and dale, mountain and precipice, cataract and gulph: always keep some resources, and never utter the weaker with all your energy; for if you do, there will be a failing in the strong points the most pathetic parts.

In peace, there's nothing so becomes a man,
As modest stillness, and humility:

But, when the blast of war blows in our ears,
Then, imitate the action of the tiger;
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,
Disguise fair nature with hard-favor'd rage;
Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;
Let it pry through the portage of the head,

lect facts, which are only effects, and out of them to form theories; and one-to observe all these facts, and look through them to their causes; which causes constitute the only true theories: then, all known or probable effects, will not only confirm such theories, but they can be explained by these theories. Hence, the true theories of all things, will explain and demonstrate all things, so far as they can be seen and understood; i. e. rationally perceived, according to the state and capacity of the human mind. That which enables one to explain a thing, analytically and synthetically, is the true cause or theory of that thing; thus, true theories are the causes of things, and facts are the legiti mate effects of those things. The ENDS OF THINGS. There is one step higher, which must be taken, and then we shall have all, that the human mind can conceive of, or think about; which is the end` of things: thus we have ends, causes, and effects;

Like the brass cannon; let the brow o'erwhelm it, beyond which sphere, man cannot go; for every As fearfully, as doth a galled rock

O'erhang and jutty his confounded base,
Swill'd with the wild and wasteful ocean.

thing, object or subject, concerning which we can feel, think or act, is either an end, a cause, or an effect; the latter only, are accessible to our senses · the other must be seen intellectually: i. e. in a re gion of mind above our senses.

Now set the teeth, and stretch the nostril wide; Hold hard the breath and bend up every spirit To his full height!-On, on! you noblest English. Varieties. 1. Can what is incomprehen 465. THE FOREHEAD. TO WHAT specta-sible, be an object of thought? 2. Humani tor can the forehead appear uninteresting? Here, appear LIGHT and GLOOM; JOY and ANXIETY, STUPIDITY, IGNORANCE, and VICE. On this brazen tablet are engraved MANY combinations of SENSE and of SOUL. Here, all the GRACES revel, and all the CYCLOPS thunder. Nature has left it bare, that by it, the countenance may be ENLIGHTENED and DARKENED. At its lowest extremities, THOUGHTS--appear changed into ACTS; the mind HERE collects the powers of RESISTANCE; and HERE headlong OBSTINACY, or wise PERSEVERANCE take up their fixed abode.

That brow, which was, to me, A blooming heaven (it was a heaven, for there Shone forth twin stars of excellence, so brightly, As though the winds of paradise had fann'd Their orbed lustre, till they beam'd with love ;) That brow-was as the sleep-imprison'd lake, Treasuring the beauty-of the deep blue skies, Whose charm'd slumber, one small breath will ruffle. Anecdote. A commonwealth's man, in England, on his way to the scaffold, for truth's sake, saw his wife, looking at him from the tower window, and standing up, the cart he waved his hat, and cried, "To HEAVEN, my love, to HEAVEN, and I leave you in the storm awhile."

in

Well might Lord Herbert write his love-
Were not our souls-immortal made,
Our equal love-would make them such.
Tis sweet to know,--there is an eye-will mark,
Sur coming, and look brighter,-when we come.

O, colder than the wind, that freezes
Founts, that but now--in sunshine played,
is that congealing pang, which seizes
The bursting bosom, when betrayed.

ty, justice, and patriotism--are qualities of universal benefit to mankind. 3. The only way to expel what is false from the mind, is to receive the opposite truth. 4. Faith-is saving, when we learn truths from the Bible, and live according to them. 5. A man is said to be square, when he does not, from injustice, incline to this or that party. 6 The power of the muscles, is derived through the nerves, as the power of good is from truth. 7. Nothing remains with us, that is not received in freedom.

[night

Look nature through; 'tis revolution all:
All change; no death. Day-follows night, and
The dying day; stars rise, and set, and rise;
Earth-takes the example. See, the Summer, gay
With her green chaplet—and ambrosial flowers,
Droops into pallid Autumn: Winter, gray,
Horrid with frost, and turbulent with storm,
Blows Autumn, and his golden fruits, away;-
Then, melts into the Spring. Soft Spring, with
Favonian, from warm chamb'rs of the south, [breath
Recalls the first. All, to re-flourish, fades;
As in a wheel, all sinks to re-ascend-
Emblems of man, who passes, not expires.
Say, dear, will you not have me?
Then take the kiss-you gave me ;
You elsewhere would, perhaps, bestow it,
And I would be as loath-to owe it;
Or, if you will not take the thing-once given,
Let me kiss you, and then, we shall be even

And then, alone, would Ila mourn;
And count the hours, till his return,
For when did woman's love expire,
If fondly fanned-the holy fire?

He, that doth public good-for multitudes,
Finds few are truly grateful.

vengeance of Antipater, 322 B. C. He was celebrated on account of the Are, strength, and vehemence of his eloquence, which was excited in rousing the Athenians to

568. EVE. Are not good sense, and good hu mor of more advantage than beauty? When Adam is introduced by Milton, describing Eve, in parudise, and relating to the angel, the impressions he felt on seeing her, at her first creation, he does not represent her like a Grecian Venus, by her shape, or features, but by the lustre of her mind, which shone in them; and gave them their power of charming:

Grace--was in all her steps, heaven—in her cyo,
In every gesture-dignity, and love.

Anecdote. A Humane Driver Rewarded. A Macedonian soldier, was one day leading before Alexander a mule laden with gold for the king's use; and the beast being so tired, that he could not go, or sustain the load, his driver took it off, and, with great difficulty, carried it himself a considerable way. Alexander, seeing him just sinking under the burden, and about to throw it on the ground, cried out, "Do not be weary yet; try and carry it through to the tent, for it is all thy own."

war with the Macedonians, and in defeating his Faint not, heart of man! though years wane slow! rivals, who were bribed by the latter. The charThere have been those, that, from the deepest caves, acteristics of his oratory were, strength, sublimity, And cells of night, and fastnesses, below piercing energy and force, aided by an emphatic, The stormy dashing of the ocean-waves,and vehement elocution; he sometimes, however, Down, farther down-than gold lies hid, have nurs'd degenerated into severity. In reading his orations, A quenchless hope, and watch'd their time, and burns we do not meet with any sentiments that are very On the bright day, like wakeners from the graves! exalted; they are generally bounded by self-love and a love of the world. His father died when he Varieties. 1. When we gu let us was seven years old; and his guardians having consider what we have to do an when we wasted his property, at the age of seventeen, he return, what we have done. 2. There are appeared against them at the court, and plead his many subjects, that are not easily understood; own cause successfully; which encouraged him to but it is easy to misrepresent them; and when speak before the assembly of the people; but he arguments cannot be controverted, it is not made a perfect failure: after which, he retired, difficult for the uncharitable-to calumniate studied and practiced in secret, until he was twen-motives. 3. A man's true character is a greater ty-five, when he came forward again, and commaced his brilliant career.

onest statesman-to a prince-is like adar, planted by a spring, which bathes its 90's: the grateful tree-rewards it-with the shadows. By tedious toil,-no passion is expressed:

His hand, who feels the strongest, paints the best.
567. MARCUS
TULLIUS CICERO,
the most distin-
guished of the
Roman orators,
was born 106
years before the
birth of Christ;
and died at the
age of 63. He
made the Greeks
his model; and,
as an orator, he
possessed the
strength of De-
mos-the-nes, the
topiousness of
Plato, and the su-
anty of I-soc-ra-
85. His first
acher was the
Doet Ar-chi-as;

and in elocution he was taught by A-pol-lo-ni-as
Molo of Rhodes; after which he visited Athens, and
on his return was made quæstor, and then consul;
when he rendered the greatest service to the state,
by the suppression of the conspiracy of Catiline?
he was afterwards banished, and voluntarily re-
tired to Greece, but was soon honorably recalled;
after which, he undertook the prætorship of Cilicia.
In the civil wars of Casar and Pompey, he adher
ed to the party of the latter; and after the battle of
Pharsalia, was reconciled to Caesar, but was soon!
slain by Pompilius, at the instigation of Marc An-
"ony.

secret to himself, than to others; if he judge himself, he is apt to be partial, if he asks the opinions of others, he is liable to be deceived. 4. Really learned persons never think of having finished their education, for they are students during life. 5. The insults of others can never make us wretched, or resentful, if our hearts are right; the viper, that stings us, is within. 6. Beware of drawing too broad and strong conclusions from feeble and illdefined premises 7. When human policy wraps one end of the chain round the ancle of a man, divine justice rivets the other end round the neck of the tyrant. 8: All who have been great, without religion, would undoubtedly have been much greater, and better--with it.

QUALITIES-SURPASSING LOVELINESS.

She had read

Her father's well-filled library-with profit,
And could talk charmingly. Then she would sing,
And play, too, passably,-and dance with spirit;
She sketch'd from nature well, and studied flowers,
Which was enough, alone, to love her for;
Yet she was knowing—in all needle-work,-
And shone-in dairy,-and in kitchen, too,-
As in the PARLOR.

The wise man, said the Bible, walks with God,
Surveys far on--the endless line of life;
Values his soul; thinks of eternity;
Both worlds consides, and provides for both;
With reason's eye-his passions guards; abstaine
From evil; lives on hope-on hope, the fruit
Of faith; looks upward; purifies his soul;
Expands his wings, and mounts into the sky;
Passes the sun, and gains his Father's house;
And drinks-with angels- from the fount of bliss.

569. RHETORICAL ACTION-respects the atti- | correspond. An erect att.tude, and a firmness de, gesture, and expression of the countenance of position, denote majesty, activity, strength Words cannot represent certain peculiarities; the leaning--affection, respect, earnestness they depend on the actor. Simplicity, or a strict entreaty, dignity of composure, indifference, disadherence to the modesty of nature-correct- ease. The air of a person expresses a language ness-or adaption to the word-and beauty, as easily understood. The husbandman, dandy, opposed to awkwardness-are the principal gentleman and military chief bespeak the habits marks of good action. Beauty belongs to objects and qualities of each. The head gently reclined, of sight. Action should be easy, natural, varied, denotes grief, shame; erect-courage, firmness; and directed by passion. Avoid affectation and thrown back or shaken-dissent; forward-as display; for they disgust. The best artists are sent. The hand raised and inverted--repele, famous for simplicity, which has an enchanting more elevated and extended-surprise, astonisheffect. Profuse decorations indicate a wish to ment; placed on the mouth-silence; on the supply the want of genius by multiplying inferi- | head, pain; on the breast-affection, or appeal to or beauties. There is in every one an indis- conscience; elevated--defiance; both raised and cribable something, which we call nature, that palms united -- supplication; gently clasped perceives and recognizes the inspirations of na- thankfulness; wrung-agony. ture; therefore, after bringing your voice under your control, if you enter fully into the spirit of the composition, and let your feelings prompt and govern your action, you cannot greatly err. The victory is half won when you fully feel and realize what you read or speak. Resolve to acquire the power, the witchery, the soul of elocution-that lightning of ancient times which poured a blaze of light on the darkest understanding, and that thunder which awakens the dead.

They never fail-who die

In a great cause: the block-may soak their gore:
Their heads-may sodden in the sun; their limbs
Be strung to city gates--and castle walls-
But still their spirit walks abroad. Tho' years
Elapse, and others--share as dark a doom,
They but augment the deep and swelling thoughts
Which overpower all others, and conduct
The world, at last, to FREEDOM.

Anecdote.

mountains of Tyrol, hundreds of women and Tyrolese Songs. In the children-come out, at bed-time, and sing their national songs, until they hear their husbands, fathers, and brothers, answer them from the hills on their return home. Upon the shore of the Adriatic, the wives of the fishermen come down, about sunset, and sing one of their melodies. They sing the first verse, and then listen-for sometime: then they sing a second, and so on, till they hear the answer from the fishermen, who are thus guided to their homes.

Hail memory, hail! in thy exhaustless mine, From age-to age, unnumbered treasures shine! Thought, and her shadowy brood, thy call obey, And place, and time, are subject to thy sway! Thy pleasures most we feel, when most alone, The only pleasures we can call our own. 570. This system teaches you to harmon-Lighter than air, Hope's summer visions fly, ize matter and manner, to imbibe the author's If but a fleeting cloud obscure the sky; feelings, to bring before you all the circum- If but a beam of sober Reason play, stances, and plunge amid the living scenes, Lo! Fancy's fairy frost-work melts away: and feel that what you describe is present, and actually passing before you. Speak of truths But, can the wiles of art, the grasp of power, as truths, not as fictions. Give the strongest, Snatch the rich relics of a well-spent hour? freest, truest expression of the natural blend- These, when the trembling spirit takes her flight, ings of thought and emotion; break thro' all Pour round her path a stream of living light, arbitrary restraint, and submit, after proper And gild those pure and perfect realms of rest, trainings, to the suggestions of reason and Where VIRTUE--triumphs, and her sons are blest. nature. Let your manner be earnest, collected, vigorous, self-balanced. In the introduction, be respectful, modest, conciliatory, winning, rather mild and slow; in the discussion, clear, energetic; in the application, animated, pathetic, persuasive.

Varieties. 1. Costume, when once regulated by true science, and art, remains in unchangable good taste;comfortable, convenient, as well as picturesque and becoming. 2. In 1756, a white headed old woman--died in London, whose hair sold for 244 dollars to a ladies' periwig maker. 3. In some countries, intellect has sway; in some-wealth; and in others-beauty and rank; but the most powerful influence in the best societies, is goodness combined with truth in practice. 4. Merit-in the inheritor, alone makes valid an inheritance of glory in ancestry. 5. Why does new sweet milk become sour-during a thunder storm? 6. Why can no other nation make a Chinese gong? 7. Is not the American government founded upon the true principles of human nature? 8. How prone many are, to worship the creature more than the Creator! 9. When apparent truths are taken, and confirmed for real ones, they become fallacies. 10. Actions-show best the nature of the law of life; and deeds show the mun.

All-some force obey! Gold-will dissolve, and diamonds--melt away; Marble-obeys the chisel, and the saw; And solar-beam-a rock of ice will thaw; The flaming forge o'ercomes well-temper'd steel; And flinty glass--is fashioned at the wheel: Ibut man's rebellious heart-no power can bend, No flames can soften, no concussion--rend; Till the pure spirit soften, pierce and melt, And the warm blood-is in the conscience felt. 571. Lock your hearers in the face-give yourself, body and soul, to the subject-let not the attention be divided between the manner and matter. Practice in private to establish correct habits of voice and gesture, and become so familiar with all rules as not to think of them when exercising. The head, face. eyes, hands, and upper part of the body are principally em- In all thy huniors, whether grave or mellow, ployed in oratorical action. The soul speaks Thou'rt such a touchy, testy, pleasant fellow; [thee, most intelligibly in the muscles of the face, and through the eye, which is the chief seat of ex- Hast so much wit, and mirth, and spleen about pression; let the internal man, and the external | That there's no living with thee, or without thee.