substitution for such Regulations of certain Regulations appended to the said Order:

Secondly, that the said Regulations appended to the said Order should, on and after the first day of June, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, apply to French ships, whether within British jurisdiction or not:

And whereas, by several Orders in Council subsequently made, Her Majesty was pleased to direct that the Regulations appended to the said Order of the ninth of January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three should apply to ships of the countries specified in the said Orders, whether within British jurisdiction or not:

And whereas, by Order in Council, dated the thirtieth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, Her Majesty, on the joint recommendation of the Admiralty and the Board of Trade, was pleased to make certain additions to the Regulations appended to the said first-recited Order in Council, for the purpose of explaining Articles 11 and 13 of the said Regulations, and of removing doubt and misapprehension concerning the effect of the said two Articles:

*

And whereas the Admiralty and the Board of Trade have jointly recommended to Her Majesty, that the Regulations contained in the Order in Council dated the ninth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and the additions to the said Regulations contained in the said Order in Council of the thirtieth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, shall be annulled from the first day of September, One thousand eight hundred and eighty, and that there shall be substituted for the said Regulations and additions respectively the new Regulations hereinafter set forth :

And whereas it has been made to appear to Her Majesty that the Governments of the several foreign countries mentioned in the second schedule hereto are respectively willing that the Regulations contained in the first schedule hereto shall apply to ships of the said countries respectively whether within British jurisdiction or not:

Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by virtue of the powers vested in Her by the said recited Act, and by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, is pleased to direct :

First, that on and after the first day of September, One thousand eight hundred and eighty the Regulations appended to the said Order in Council of the ninth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three and the additions to the said Regulations contained in the said Order in council of the thirtieth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight shall be annulled, and that there shall be substi

* Published in "London Gazette," January 13, 1863, p. 188.
† Published in "London Gazette," August 4, 1868, p. 4307.

tuted for the said Regulation and additions respectively the new Regulations contained in the first schedule hereto.*

Second, that the said Regulations contained in the said first schedule hereto shall from and after the first day of September, One thousand eight hundred and eighty, apply to ships of the countries mentioned in the said second schedule heretof whether within British jurisdiction or not.

C. L. Peel.

First Schedule.

REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA.

Preliminary.

Article 1.-In the following rules every steam ship which is under sail and not under steam is to be considered a sailing ship; and every steam ship which is under steam, whether under sail or not, is to be considered a ship under steam.

Rules concerning Lights.

Article 2.-The lights mentioned in the following Articles, numbered 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, and no other, shall be carried in all weathers, from sunset to sunrise.

Article 3.-A seagoing steam ship when under way shall carry : (a) On or in front of the foremast, at a height above the hull of not less than 20 feet, and if the breadth of the ship exceeds 20 feet then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, a bright white light, so constructed as to show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 20 points of the compass; so fixed as to throw the light 10 points on each side of the ship, viz., from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side; and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least five miles.

(b) On the starboard side, a green light so constructed as to show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass; so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on the starboard side; and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles.

(c) On the port side, a red light, so constructed as to show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass; so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on the port side; and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles.

* By Order in Council of August 11, 1884 (printed at p. 257 below), new Regulations were substituted for these Regulations as far as regards British ships and boats, and these again were superseded by Regulations authorized by Order in Council of November 27, 1896 (printed at p. 275 below), which, however, left applicable Art. 10 of the Regulations of 1884.

So far as regards the ships of certain of these countries, the Regulations approved by Order in Council of August 11, 1884 (printed at p. 257 below), were substituted for the Regulations in the first schedule, and so far as regards the rest, the Regulations approved by Order in Council of November 27, 1896 (printed at p. 275 below) have been substituted for the Regulations in the first Schedule, except that Art. 10 thereof remains applicable (see the notes in the second schedule, p. 252 below).

(d) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least three feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow.

Article 4.-A steam ship, when towing another ship, shall, in addition to her side lights, carry two bright white lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than three feet apart, so as to distinguish her from other steam ships. Each of these lights shall be of the same construction and character, and shall be carried in the same position as the white light which other steam ships are required to carry.

Article 5.-A ship, whether a steam ship or a sailing ship, when employed either in laying or in picking up a telegraph cable, or which from any accident is not under command, shall at night carry in the same position as the white light which steam ships are required to carry, and, if a steam ship in place of that light, three red lights in globular lanterns, each not less than 10 inches in diameter, in a vertical line one over the other, not less than three feet apart : and shall by day carry in a vertical line one over the other, not less than three feet apart, in front of but not lower than her foremast head, three black balls or shapes, each two feet in diameter.

These shapes and lights are to be taken by approaching ships as signals that the ship using them is not under command, and cannot therefore get out of the way.

The above ships, when not making any way through the water, shall not carry the side lights, but when making way shall carry them.

Article 6.—A sailing ship under way, or being towed, shall carry the same lights as are provided by Article 3 for a steam ship under way, with the exception of the white light, which she shall never carry.

Article 7.-Whenever, as in the case of small vessels during bad weather, the green and red side lights cannot be fixed, these lights shall be kept on deck, on their respective sides of the vessel, ready for use and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side.

To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the colour of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with proper screens.

Article 8.—A ship, whether a steam ship or a sailing ship, when at anchor shall carry, where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding 20 feet above the hull, a white light, in a globular lantern of not less than eight inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken light visible all round the horizon, at a distance of at least one mile.

Article 9.-A pilot vessel, when engaged on her station on pilotage duty, shall not carry the lights required for other vessels, but shall carry a white light at the mast head, visible all round the horizon, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light or flare-up lights at short intervals, which shall never exceed fifteen minutes.

A pilot vessel, when not engaged on her station on pilotage duty, shall carry lights similar to those of other ships.

Article 10.-(a) Open fishing boats and other open boats when under way shall not be obliged to carry the side lights required for other vessels; but every such boat shall in lieu thereof have ready at hand a lantern with a green glass on the one side and a red glass on the other side; and on the approach of or to other vessels, such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

(b) A fishing vessel, and an open boat, when at anchor, shall exhibit a bright white light.

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(c) A fishing vessel, when employed in drift net fishing, shall carry on one of her masts two red lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than three feet apart.

(d) A trawler at work shall carry on one of her masts two lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than three feet apart, the upper light red, and the lower green, and shall also either carry the side lights required for other vessels, or, if the side lights cannot be carried, have ready at hand the coloured lights as provided in Article 7, or a lantern with a red and green glass as described in paragraph (a) of this Article.

(e) Fishing vessels and open boats shall not be prevented from using a flare-up in addition, if they desire to do so.

(f) The lights mentioned in this Article are substituted for those mentioned in the 12th, 13th, and 14th Articles of the convention between France and England scheduled to the British Sea Fisheries Act, 1868.

(9) All lights required by this Article, except side lights, shall be in globular lanterns so constructed as to show all round the horizon.

Article 11.-A ship which is being overtaken by another shall show from her stern to such last mentioned ship a white light or a flare-up light.

Sound Signals for Fog, &c.

Article 12.-A steam ship shall be provided with a steam whistle or other efficient steam sound signal, so placed that the sound may not be intercepted by any obstructions, and with an efficient fog horn to be sounded by a bellows or other mechanical means, and also with an efficient bell. A sailing ship shall be provided with a similar fog horn and bell.

In fog, mist, or falling snow, whether by day or night, the signals des

cribed in this Article shall be used as follows; that is to say,

(a) A steam ship under way shall make with her steam whistle, or other steam sound signal, at intervals of not more than two minutes, a prolonged blast.

(b) A sailing ship under way shall make with her fog horn, at intervals of not more than two minutes, when on the starboard tack one blast, when on the port tack two blasts in succession, and when with the wind abaft the beam three blasts in succession.

(c) A steam ship and a sailing ship when not under way shall, at intervals of not more than two minutes, ring the bell.

Speed of Ships to be moderate in Fog, &c.

Article 13. Every ship whether a sailing ship or steam ship, shall in a fog, mist, or falling snow, go at a moderate speed.

Steering and Sailing Rules.

Article 14. When two sailing ships are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows, viz. :—

(a) A ship which is running free shall keep out of the way of a ship which is close-hauled.

(b) A ship which is close-hauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a ship which is close-hauled on the starboard tack.

(c) When both are running free with the wind on different sides, the ship which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.

(d) When both are running free with the wind on the same side, the ship which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the ship which is to leeward.

(e) A ship which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other

ship.

Article 15.-If two ships under steam are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

This Article only applies to cases where ships are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk or collision, and does not apply to two ships which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other.

The only cases to which it does apply are, when each of the two ships is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each ship sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and by night, to cases in which each ship is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other. It does not apply by day, to cases in which a ship sees another ahead crossing her own course; or by night, to cases where the red light of one ship is opposed to the red light of the other, or where the green light of one ship is opposed to the green light of the other, or where a red light without a green light, or a green light without a red light, is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead.

Article 16.-If two ships under steam are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

Article 17.-If two ships, one of which is a sailing ship, and the other a steam ship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam ship shall keep out of the way of the sailing ship.

Article 18.-Every steam ship, when approaching another ship, so as to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed or stop and reverse, if necessary.

Article 19.-In taking any course authorized or required by these Regulations, a steam ship under way may indicate that course to any other ship which she has in sight by the following signals on her steam whistle, viz.:

One short blast to mean "I am directing my course to starboard":
Two short blasts to mean "I am directing my course to port":
Three short blasts to mean "I am going full speed astern."

The use of these signals is optional; but if they are used, the course of the ship must be in accordance with the signal made.

Article 20.-Notwithstanding anything contained in any preceding Article, every ship, whether a sailing ship or a steam ship, overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaken ship.

Article 21.-In narrow channels every steam ship shall, when it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fairway or midchannel which lies on the starboard side of such ship.

Article 22.-Where by the above rules one of two ships is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course.

Article 23.-In obeying and construing these rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation; and to any special circumstances which may render a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

No Ship, under any Circumstances, to neglect proper Precautions.

Article 24.-Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any ship, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case,