to 1-5th of an inch in their largest diameter.-WM. SCORESBY jun.-Edin. Phil. Jour.

Preservation of Eggs.-As it is of great importance in a zoological, and even in an economical view, to be able to transport eggs fresh from one country to another, it has been proposed, as the best mode of effecting this, to varnish them with gum. arabic, and then imbed them in pounded charcoal. The gum-arabic answers better than varnish, as it can be easily removed by washing in water, and the bed of charcoal, by maintaining around the eggs a pretty uniform temperature, prevents them from suffering from the great alternations of heat and cold, experienced in carrying them to different countries.-Edin. Phil. Jour.

Nature of Hard Woods.-We have already alluded to the remarkably abundant formation of calcareous earth in the genus Chara, and in that curious tribe of vegetables so often considered as of animal origin, and named Corallina. Other plants are particularly distinguished by the quantity of silica they secrete, and of these, the best known are the rush and the bamboo. Masses of silica of considerable magnitude have been cut out of the teak wood; this circumstance, conjoined with the hardness and weight of the wood, led Professor Jameson to conjecture, that the teak, and other similar woods, might contain silica, or even adamantine carbonaceous matter. This conjecture has been confirmed in part by the experiments on teak made by Dr Wollaston, on the suggestion of Professor Jameson, who found that it contained a considerable portion of silica, and similar results have been since obtained by Mr Sivright of Meggetland, of which an account was lately communicated to the Wernerian Society.-Edin. Phil. Jour.

Uses of Iceland Moss.-The esculent properties of the Iceland lichen are well known in many districts on the continent of Europe. Of late years it has been proposed to use it either alone or mixed with flour in the composition of bread in those districts where flour is scarce. The Saxon Government lately published a report on this subject, which is full of information interesting to those mountainous districts, where this plant abounds. In this report, we are informed, that 6 pounds and 22 loth of lichen meal boiled with fourteen times its quantity of water, and baked in this state with 594 pounds of flour, produced 111 pounds of good household bread. Without this addition, the flour would not have produced more than 78 pounds of bread; consequently, this addition of 6 pounds and 22 loths of lichen meal has occasioned an increase of 32 3-6ths of good bread. It is known that 3 pounds of flour yield 4 pounds of household bread.

One pound of lichen meal, added in the form of paste, gives an addition of nearly 6 pounds, and therefore is equivalent, in this view, to about 3 pounds of flour, because it affords above 34 times more bread than this. But at present nearly all the Iceland moss collected in Germany is sent through Hamburgh to England, where it is used in brewing, and in the composition of ship-biscuit, as it is said biscuit which contains it as a constituent part is not attacked by worms, and suffers little from the action of sea-water. This lichen, when deprived of its bitter principle, forms an excellent soup, and when coagulated, a good jelly; and it has been recommended in this prepared state as an excellent substitute for sago, (the pith of the Cycas circinalis,) salep, and even for chocolate.-Edin. Phil. Jour.

Singular discovery respecting Copperplate Printing.-M. Gonord is said to have excited the surprise of the public, by announcing that he can take impressions from an engraved copperplate on any scale, either larger or smaller than the plate, without requiring another copperplate, or occupying more than two or three hours. For example, from the large atlas engravings of the Description de l'Egypte, he could make an edition in octavo without changing the plates. The certainty of the process has been corroborated by the members of the jury admitted into his works; and the jury, in consequence, decreed a gold medal to M. Gonord. Ann. de Chim. XII. p. 95. This discovery, if there is no mistake about it, must be considered as one of the most surprising that has ever been made in the arts. We can see no reason why stereotype plates, or pages of types, should not be employed to yield duodecimo and folio editions of the same work, and why the same die should not be employed in coining farthings as well as crowns.-Edin. Phil. Jour.

Population of Van Dieman's Land.The total population of Van Dieman's Land in 1819 was about 4360 persons; the free persons being 2074, and the convicts 2289. The whole number of acres in cultivation was 8330. The number of horses was 366; horned cattle 23,124; and sheep 172,128. There were 10 schools on the island, and 220 scholars.Asiatic Journal.

It appears from an account, &c. of the Island of Ceylon, in the Revue Encyclope dique, that the part which belongs to England contains about a million of inhabitants. The revenue amounts to two or three hundred thousand pounds sterling, but falls short of the expences at least one third. Its political importance is admitted to be very great. Since the introduction of the cow-pox, the population of the island has been considerably augmented. The growth

of rice is much neglected, though few countries are better adapted for its cultivation.

At the sale of the late Mr Bindley's library, at Evans's in Pall Mall, a collection of single poems and ballads, published at about a halfpenny or one penny each, bound in eight volumes, sold at the immense price of L. 837.

Germany. The Emperor Francis has published an edict, ordaining that the work entitled Jus Criminale Hungaricum, or the Criminal Laws of Hungary,' published by M. Vuchetich, Professor of the Roman Civil Law, &c. in the University of Pesth, be considered as the standard and guide by which all the lectures on law in the Universities of Hungary shall be modelled. His Majesty has ordered the sum of 3000 florins to the author.

The number of students in the University of Leipsic has increased of late to upwards of a thousand. Many that were at the University of Jena, and which they were obliged to quit, have repaired to Leipsic, where their conduct has been unblameable. At Jena, there were thirteen Greeks, seven of whom are now at Leipsic, where others of their countrymen had previously been prosecuting their studies. A number of Courlanders and other Russians are also in that University.

One of those institutions called a Savings' Bank, for the working classes, common in England, has been lately established at Leopoldstadt, one of the suburbs of Vienna, under the patronage of the Minister of Interior.

Relief Globe. Charles P. Khummer, an artist of Berlin, has lately published a globe, in which the mountains are beautifully executed in relief. It is admirably calculated for communicating lasting and accurate ideas of the distribution and grouping of the great ranges of mountains, and table lands in the different quarters of the globe. There are globes of this description of different sizes and prices. Globe, 16 inches in diameter, 8 dollars, without names,-with names 11 dollars. Globe, 26 inches diameter, 25 dollars, without names, with names, degrees, and finely finished, 50 dollars.-Edin. Phil. Jour. Sweden. M. Rothleib, Gentleman of the Chamber to the King of Sweden, intends to publish a description of the church of Bitterholm, a monument as important to Swedish history as Westminster Abbey is to that of England. Stockholm is built on seven holms or islands, in one of which, called the Bitterholm, besides the ancient royal chapel which was burnt in 1767, there is yet remaining a church, built five centuries ago. Within its arches and vaults are more than four thousand national trophies, and the remains of all the illustrious characters in Swedish history, kings, queens,

generals, statesmen, &c. M. Rothleib, in his description of this venerable edifice, will trace, in some measure, the annals of the Swedish monarchy.

Africa. In a letter from M. Graberg, Swedish Consul at Tangier, to the College of Health, at Stockholm, he states as follows: "I am about to announce to you a discovery of the highest importance, ascertained by a number of successful experiments. The external use of oil of olives, as a preservative against the plague, has been long known in the Levant; it has been applied by fomentations, frictions, and lotions; but no one has hitherto taken it as an internal remedy, by drinking it. This discovery was made, last year, by M. Colaco, Portuguese Consul at Laraché. His first experiment was upon 200 persons, out of whom there were not ten in whom it did not prove efficacious. As soon as the infection is caught, from four to eight ounces of oil of olives should be taken, at once, according to the strength, &c. of the constitution. A universal sweat will then take place, and in such abundance, that it appears to expel the virus, even alone: or at least, this has occurred in many instances. Its effects, however, as a sudorific, may be properly seconded, by taking a decoction of elder berries. In some individuals, the oil operates as an emetic; in others, it purges the bowels. But sweat or excessive perspiration is usually the principal symptom, and also the most beneficial."

Greece.-M. de Rosnavano, principal Aga of Moldavia, who was in France, in 1818, had formed the project, during his residence, of naturalizing the system of mutual instruction in Greece. This worthy character has been a traveller in France and England, making inquiries into the means of effecting this design. A part of this plan consists in having leaves printed on one side only, and the matter being invariable, may be communicated from a highest to a lower learner, without alterations in the text, or even referring to the master's instructions. M. R. has had Greek characters cut and cast, large enough for children to read, at the distance of three feet. M. Eberhard, to whom the execution has been assigned, has printed seventythree tablets, under the direction of M. Cleobolous, of Philippolis, a pupil of the Normal school founded at Paris, by M. de Chabrol, Prefect. On this a French Journal observes, that an undertaking which denotes the revival of letters in the Levant, may well represent Greece as again seeking from Europe the knowledge which she had formerly imparted.

East Indies. A meteoric stone, which fell in India on the 18th of February 1815, is now in the East India Company's Museum at Calcutta. On the above day, about noon,

some people at work in a field near about half a mile from the village of Dooralla, were suddenly alarmed by an explos on which they conceived to be of a large cannon, succeeded by a rushing noise like that of a cannon ball in its greatest force. Turning their eyes towards the quarter whence the sound proceeded, they saw a large black body in the air, apparently moving directly towards them: it passed them with inconceivable velocity, and buried itself in the earth at about sixty paces from the spot where they stood." The explosion was heard to the distance of twenty-five miles from Dooralla. It weighs rather more than 25lbs. is covered with a thin black pellicle, is somewhat triangular, and exhibits on a corner, whence a piece has been broken off, iron pyrites and nickel.

America. The superficies of the territory of the United States from the Atlantic to the Great Ocean is estimated at 2,257,000 square miles, and the population at eleven

millions. The proportion of Whites to Blacks has increased as follows since the year 1790 in that year there were 27 blacks to 100 whites; in 1800 the proportion was 20 to 100; and in 1810 only 19. The number of emigrants that arrived in the different states in 1794 was about 10,000; in 1817, 22,240, of whom 11,977 were British or Irish. From the British possessions in America there arrived the same year 2001 individuals.

There is now publishing, at Montreal, L'Abeille Canadienne, or the Canadian Bee,' the first number of which was published in August 1818. This undertaking embraces a melange of sciences, arts, and literature, announces the best publications in foreign languages, and gives a successive account of historical and biographical noti ces, with the principal discoveries, anecdotes, political and literary, and poetry. The proprietor, and editor is M. Henri Maziere, an Anglo-Canadian.

LONDON.

THE next part of the Journal of New Voyages and Travels will contain Gourbillion's Travels in Sicily in 1819, exhibiting a spirited account of the present State of that interesting Island.

Mr Godwin will shortly publish a new work, under the following title: "Of Population: an Enquiry concerning the Power of Increase in the Numbers of Mankind, being an answer to Mr Malthus's Essay on that Subject."

Travels in Syria and Mount Sinai; by J. L. Burkhardt, are preparing.

Dr Ramsbotham, Lecturer on Midwifery, &c. &c. will shortly publish the first part of Practical Observations on Midwifery, with a Selection of Cases.

In a few days will be published Eccentricity, a Novel, by Mrs MacNalli, daughter of the late Rev. Robert Edgeworth, of Lissard, Ireland.

Devonia: a Poem, in Five Cantos, descriptive of the most interesting Scenery, Natural and Artificial, in the County of Devon: interspersed with Historical Anecdotes, and Legendary Tales, by the Rev. G. Woodley, of St Marys, Scilly, will soon appear.

The Book of Nature laid Open is in the press, in one volume duodecimo, in a popular survey of the phenomena and constitution of the Universe and the appearances of Nature, during each month of the year; the whole distinctly traced, and intended as a pleasing and instructive companion, by the Rev. W. Hutton, M. A. Speedily will be published, "Traits and Trials," a novel.

Another volume of Mr Surtees's Topography of Durham may be shortly expected.

An Appendix to the Midland Flora is preparing for publication; comprising also, corrections and additions, referring to the two former volumes; with occasional observations, tending to elucidate the study of the British Fungi, and concluding with a generic and specific index to the whole work, and a generel index of synonyms; by T. Purton, Surgeon, Alcester. It will be embellished with numerous coloured engravings, by James Sowerby, F.L.S.

Mr W. G. Rogers will publish, early in October, an engraving of the Warwick Vase, in the Lithographic manner. And, shortly will be published, the first number of a progressive Series of Ornamental Sketches, original and selected; drawn on stone by W. G. Rogers.

An Account of the most memorable Battles and Sieges, since the fall of Troy, is in the press, classed and arranged to afford a view of their respective consequences on the moral condition of mankind; by G. Haliton, M.A.

Mr Winter Betham has in the press, a History of the Church at Hafley, Gloucestershire, read at a Centenary Commemoration, and published at the request of the church.

A Select Cabinet of Natural History, with an account of the Silkworm, and an elegant method of obtaining very exact and pleasing representations of plants; by the late Dr Schaw, F.R.S. Principal Naturalist of the British Museum, is preparing for publication.

Ariconensia: or, Archæological Sketches of Ross and its Vicinity; by the Rev. T. Fosbrooke, will soon be published. The Third and Last Tour of Dr Syntax in Search of a Wife is in the press.

Shortly will be published, in I vol. 8vo, illustrated with maps and plates, A Statistical Account of Upper Canada, written by the inhabitants, and compiled by Robert Gourlay.

The History of the Zodians, an ancient people, from the foundation to the final extinction of that nation, is preparing, by the Author of "Travels and Observations of Hareach, the Wandering Jew."

The Visits of Hareach, the Wandering Jew, to the most Celebrated Characters that have appeared in the world since the Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, by the Rev. T. Clark, will complete the design which the Author proposed to himself when he undertook to describe the Travels and Observations of Hareach.

A new edition is in the press, of an Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Scriptures, by Thomas Hart

Journal of a Horticultural Tour in the Netherlands, and North of France, in the Autumn of 1817; by P. Neill, J. Hay, and James Macdonald, a deputation of the One Caledonian Horticultural Society. Volume octavo.

Professor Dunbar has in the press, "A Collectanea Minora," containing the following extracts: 1. The History of Joseph and his Brethren, and the Decalogue, from the Septuagint. 2. The Lord's Prayer, and other extracts from the New Testament. 3. Extracts from the Cyropaedia of Xenophon, from the Dialogues of Lucian, the Odes of Anacreon and Tyrtaeus. 4. The whole of the first Book of the Iliad. 5. Copious Annotations, explanatory of Phrases, Idioms, &c. 6. A Lexicon of all the Vocables that occur in the Extracts.

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