low the outer rampart, on the outside of the fort, is a large tank. It frequently dries up, and is not a perfect tank. The water is led off from it by conduits. In the middle of this Adwa are two other large tanks, which the people of the fort extol above all other waters. On three sides, the hill is a perpendicular rock. The colour of the stone is like that of Biâna, though not so red, being of a paler colour. They have hewn the solid rock of this Adwa, and sculptured out of it idols of larger and smaller size. On the south part of it is a large idol, which may be about twenty gez1 in height. These figures are perfectly naked, without even a rag to cover the parts of generation. Around the two large tanks which are within the Adwa, they have dug twenty or twenty-five wells, from which water is drawn for the purposes of irrigation, and they have planted numbers of trees and flowers, that are supplied from hence. Adwa is far from being a mean place; on the contrary, it is extremely pleasant. Its greatest fault consists in the idol figures all about it. I directed these idols to be destroyed. On returning back from Adwa into the fort, I went to the Sultan-pûl, the gate of which had been shut up from the time of the Pagans; and, about evening prayers, arrived in a garden which Rahîmdâd had laid out, where I alighted and spent the night.

2

surrender

Next day, being Tuesday the 14th, messengers arrived from Bikermâjet, the second Bikermâjet son of Rana Sanka, who, with his mother Padmawati, was in Rantambôr. Before agrees to setting out to visit Guâliâr, a person had come from a Hindu named Asûk, who was Rantambor. Sept. 29. high in Bikermâjet's confidence, with offers of submission and allegiance, expressing a hope that he would be allowed seventy laks3 as an annuity. The bargain was concluded, and it was settled that, on delivering up the fort of Rantambôr, he should have Pergannas assigned him equal to what he had asked. After making this arrangement, I sent back his messengers. When I went to survey Guâliâr, I made an appointment to meet his men in Guâliâr. They were several days later than the appointed time. Asûk, the Hindu, had himself been with Padmawati, Bikermâjet's mother, and had explained to the mother and son everything that had passed. They approved of Asûk's proceedings, and agreed to make the proper submissions, and to rank themselves among my subjects. When Rana Sanka defeated Sultan Mahmûd and made him prisoner, the Sultan had on a splendid crown-cap and golden girdle, which fell into the hands of the Pagan, who, when he set Sultan Mahmûd at liberty, retained them. They were now with Bikermâjet. His elder brother Rattonsi, who had succeeded his father as Rana, and who was now in possession of Cheitûr, had sent to desire his younger brother to deliver them up to him, which he refused to do. By the persons who came from him to wait on me, he now sent me this crown and golden girdle, and asked Biâna in exchange for Rantambôr. I diverted them from their demand of Biâna, and Shemsâbâd was fixed on as the equivalent for Rantambôr. The same day I bestowed dresses of honour on his people, and dismissed them, after making an appointment for a meeting at Biâna in nine days.

1 Upwards of forty feet.

2 A very strong and important fort to the westward of Dhûlpûr, and S.E. from Jeipûr. It is the Rantampour of Rennell.

Pagan sculpture

I went from the garden to visit the idol temples of Guâliâr. Many of them are two at Guâliar. and three stories high. The different stories are very low, in the ancient fashion. In the skreen and lower parts of the building, are the figures of idols sculptured out of the stone. There are a number of idol chapels around, like the cells of a college. In front is a large and lofty dome. Its apartments resemble those of a college. Above each apartment, are very narrow domes cut out of the rock. In the lower apartments, they have hewn images out of the stone. After viewing the edifices, I went out by the west gate of Guâliâr, and proceeding to the south of the fort, after examining the ground, reached the Charbagh which Rahîmdâd had laid out before the Hâtipûl gate, and there dismounted. Rahîmdâd had prepared an entertainment for me at the Charbagh. He gave me an excellent dinner, and afterwards presented me with a large peshkesh, to the amount of four laks in money and goods. From this Charbagh, I arrived late at the Charbagh where I had my quarters.

On Wednesday the 15th, I set out to visit a waterfall, which lies about six kos 2 to the south-east of Guâliâr. I had left my ground early in the morning, and reached the waterfall after noon-day prayers. The torrent, which is large enough to turn a mill, rushes right over a perpendicular rock of the height of a horse-tether.3 Lower down than this waterfall is a large tank. Farther up than the cascade, the water comes rushing down over a solid rock. The stream runs on a bottom of solid rock; in various places, tanks have been formed, which are supplied from hence. Along the banks of the stream, scattered about, there are fragments of solid rock proper for seats; the water, however, does not always flow. We sat down above the waterfall and took a maajûn; after which we ascended the rivulet to its source, and came back again; we then mounted a rising ground, where we remained some time, while the musicians played and the singers sang. Such as had never seen the ebony-tree, which the inhabitants of the country call Tîndû, had now an opportunity of seeing it. Leaving that spot, we descended the hill, and mounting our horses between the time of evening and bed-time prayers, about midnight reached a place where we slept. Nearly a watch of the day was past before I reached the Charbagh and had alighted.

On Friday the 17th, I visited Sokhjâneh the birth-place of Silâheddîn. Above the village, between the hill and valley, is the Lime and Sitaphul (or custard-apple) garden, which I walked through, and returned to the camp in the course of the first watch.

On Sunday the 19th, before dawn, I set out from the Charbagh, and having passed the Kewâri, and halted during the noontide, about noon-day prayers we again mounted, and having crossed the Chambal at sunset, reached the Fort of Dhûlpûr between evening and bed-time prayers; I visited, by the light of a lantern, the bath built by Abul Fateh, and then rode to the place in which I had directed a new Charbagh to be laid out, above the water mound, where I halted. Next morning I visited the works

1 I am not aware that these excavations have ever been described. The account here given would lead us to conceive that they were Bouddhist.

improve

ments.

which I had given orders for carrying on. Even the levels of the edges of the cover- Revisits his ed tank, which I had directed to be hollowed out of the rock, had not been completely taken. I ordered a number of stone-cutters to be employed to cut down the tank to a certain depth, that, by filling it with water, they might be able to level its edges. When afternoon prayers were over, a small part of the tank had already been hollowed. I directed it to be filled with water, and, taking that as their level, to smooth the edges. On this occasion I directed a water-house to be hewn out of the rock, and a small tank to be hewn within it, also out of the solid rock. This Monday I had a maajûn party. On Tuesday I remained in the same place. On the eve of Wednesday October 6. I broke my fast, and eat a little. Having mounted to go to Sikri, about noon I October 7. alighted and lay down. I felt evident symptoms of having caught cold in my ear.

That night it was very painful, and I was unable to sleep. Early next morning I again October 8. set out, and having, in the course of one watch, reached the garden which I had formed at Sikri, I alighted. The walls of the garden, and the buildings in the well, not Visits Sîkri. having been completed to my satisfaction, I menaced and punished the overseers of the work. Mounting between afternoon and evening prayers, I left Sîkri; and, after passing Medhâkûr, alighted and took some rest: after which, setting out again, I reached Reaches Agra. Agra after the first watch, and went to the fort, where I waited on Khadîjeh Sultan Begum, who, when Fakher-Jehân Begum went away, had staid behind on account of various affairs and business; I then crossed the Jumna, and alighted at the garden of Hesht-Behisht.

October 9.

On Saturday, the 3d of the month of Sefer, three of my paternal aunts, Begums of October 17. high rank, Keher-Shâd Begum, Badîa-a-jemâl Begum, and Ak Begum, and of the Begums of inferior rank, Khan-zâdeh Begum, the daughter of Sultan Masaûd Mirza; another, who was the daughter of Sultan Bakht Begum, and another, by name Zeinab Sultan Begum, the grand-daughter of Bikeh Chichâm, having passed Tûteh, on their way to my court, had halted on the extremity of the suburbs, close by the banks of the river. I went and waited on them between afternoon and evening prayers, and returned back in a boat.

cupy Ran

On Monday, the 5th of Sefer, I sent the first envoy of Bikermâjet, and the one October 19. whom he had sent last, accompanied by Hawesi, the son of Diureh, a Hindu of Beh- Sends to ocreh, who had long been in my service, to receive the surrender of Rantambôr, to ac- tambor. cept his promise of allegiance, and to complete the treaty according to all their own forms and usages. This person was directed to go and make whatever observations he could, after which he was to return to me, with such information as he acquired. If the young prince stood to his terms, I agreed with him, that, by the blessing of God, I would make him Rana in his father's place, and establish him in Cheitûr.

the taxes.

At this crisis, the treasures of Delhi and Agra that had been collected by Iskander Increases and Ibrâhim being expended, and it being necessary to furnish equipments for the army, gunpowder for the service of the guns, and pay for the artillery and matchlockmen, on Thursday, the 8th of Sefer, I gave orders, that in all departments, every man October 22.

1 Khâneh-âb.

Intends

A. D. 1528. having an office, should bring a hundred and thirty instead of a hundred,1 to the Diwân, to be applied to the procuring and fitting out the proper arms and supplies. October 24. On Saturday the 10th, one Shah Kâsim, a runner of Sultan Muhammed Bakhshi, whom, on a former occasion, I had sent with letters, offering protection and security to marching to Khorasan. the hatives of Khorasân, was again dispatched with letters to the following effect: that, by the favour of God, I had completely triumphed over the rebels on the east and west of Hindustân, as well as over the Pagans. That next spring, God willing, I would make an effort, and return in person to Kâbul. I likewise sent a letter to Ahmed Afshar, and, on the margin, made a noting with my own hand, in which I sent for Feridûn Kabûzi. That same day about noon-day prayers, I began to take quick-silver.3

Affairs of

Khorasan.

Sept. 2. Sept. 13.

On Wednesday, the 21st, a Hindustâni runner brought letters from Kâmrân and Khabul and Khwâjeh Dost Khâwend. Kwâjeh Dost Khâwend had reached Kâbul on the 10th of August 26. Zilhajeh, and had set out to meet Hûmâiûn. At that time, a man sent by Kâmrân reached the Khwâjeh, desiring him to remain, that he might deliver to Kâmrân personally whatever orders he had brought; and to say, that after communicating such information as he possessed, he would be allowed to proceed on his journey. On the 17th of Zilhajeh, Kâmrân arrived in Kâbul, and, after having conferred with him, the Khwâjeh on the 28th took his leave, and proceeded for the fort of Zefer. These letters contained the pleasing intelligence, that prince Tahmasp having marched to oppose the Uzbeks, had taken Renish the Uzbek in Damghân, and put him, with all his men, to the sword; that Obeid Khan, on hearing of the motions of the Kezzelbashes, had raised the siege of Heri, and retreated to Merv, from whence he had sent to invite the Sultans of Samarkand and the neighbouring countries to join him, and that the whole Sultans of Mâweralnaher were, in consequence, repairing to that city to his assistance. The same runner brought the farther news, that Hûmâiûn had got a son, by the daughter of Yadgar Taghâi; and that Kâmrân had married in Kâbul, having taken to wife the daughter of his maternal cousin, Sultan Ali Mirza.

Baber attacked with

a fever. Nov. 6.

Nov. 8

Nov. 10.

The same day I bestowed on Syed Dekni Shirâzi, the water finder, a dress of honour, made him a present, and appointed him to the charge of my jets d'eau and artificial water-works, at the same time giving him instructions to complete certain of them in his most perfect style.

On Friday the 23d, I was seized with so violent an illness, that I was scarcely able to complete my Friday's prayers in the mosque. About noon-day prayers, having gone into my library, I found myself so ill, that it was with difficulty that I could finish my prayers. Two days after, on Sunday, I had a fever and shivering. On the night of Tuesday, the 27th of Zefer, I turned over in my mind the plan of translating into verse, the tract in honour of the parents of the reverend Khwâjeh Obeid. Placing my

1 This appears to be an addition of 30 per cent to the old taxes.

2 The Kabuz is a sort of guitar, on which Feridûn was a celebrated performer.

3 Quick-silver, in its liquid state, has been long used in India, for removing obstructions in the bowels.

* At this time Hûmâiûn was at the fort of Zefer, in Badakhshân, and Kâmrân in Ghazni.

The King of Persia.

6 The Turki has Rais.

7 Ab-jû-perhaps the term only means hydraulic engineer.

confidence in the soul of the venerable Khwâjeh,' I indulged a hope, that perhaps his reverence might be induced to receive my poem favourably, and to remove my disease, as he had done with the writer of the Kasîdeh, who, when he presented his Kasîdeh, had his offering accepted with favour, and was delivered from his palsy. In pursuance of this vow, I began a poem in the six feet majnûn metre; the measure, zerb gerb, abter gah, mahbûn mehzûf, being the same in which the Sebakheh of Moulavi Abdal-rahman Jâmi are composed, and the same evening I wrote thirteen couplets. I tasked myself to compose a certain number of couplets, never less than ten daily. I only omitted writing for a single day. Last year, and, indeed, every time that I have been attacked by the disease, it has lasted a month, or forty days, or upwards. By the mercy of God, through the influence of the venerable Khwâjeh, on Thursday, the 29th, Nov. 12. the violence of the distemper was abated, and I was again delivered from the disease. On Saturday, the 8th of the first Rebi, I completed my poetical version of the tract. Nov. 21. I had composed every day, on an average, fifty-two couplets.

Summons

On Wednesday, the 28th of Sefer, I dispatched notice to my troops on every side, Nov. 11. that in a short time, God willing, I would take the field with the army. That they were his troops to immediately to get their arms and accoutrements in readiness, and to meet me with all assemble. speed.

1528.

On Sunday, the 9th of the first Rebi, Beg Muhammed Tâlikchi waited on me. Nov. 22, Last year, in the end of Moharrem, he had been sent to carry a dress of honour and October a horse to Hûmâiûn.

1527.

Khorasan.

On Monday the 10th, Beg Kîneh, Wais Lagheri, and Bian Sheikh, one of Hû- Affairs of mâiûn's servants, arrived from that prince. Beg Kîneh had come for the purpose of Nov. 23, announcing the happy news of the birth of Hûmâiûn's son. They had given him the 1528. name of Alâmân. Sheikh Abul Wajid discovered the date of his birth, in the words Shah Saadetmend (the fortunate king). Biân Sheikh had set out long after Beg Kîneh. He had left Hûmâiûn below Keshem, at a place called Doshembeh, on Friday the 9th Oct. 23. of Sefer; and on Monday, the 10th of the first Rebi, he reached Agra, having made Nov. 23. a very quick journey. The same Biân Sheikh, on another occasion, had gone from the fort of Zefer to Kandahâr in eleven days. Biân Sheikh brought intelligence of the advance of the prince, and of the defeat of the Uzbeks. The particulars were these: Prince Tahmasp3 had advanced out of Irâk with forty thousand men, disciplined after the Turkish fashion, with an artillery and body of musketeers, had marched on with great expedition, had arrived at Bostâm and Damghân, had taken Renish the Uzbek, and put the whole of his people to death; after which he rapidly pursued his march. Kember Ali Bî, the son of Kepek Bî, was also routed by the Kezelbashes, and, accompanied by a few of his men, had taken refuge with Obeid Khan, who, not seeing any prospect of being able, by his own strength, to keep his ground near Heri, dispatched

'Here, unfortunately, Mr Elphinstone's Tûrki copy finally ends.

2 Terms of Persian prosody.

3 Shah Ismael had died in 1523, and was succeeded by his son Prince Tahmasp, then only ten years of age. At the time when this great battle was fought, he was only fifteen: Though he was the reigning King of Persia, Baber continues still to call him the Shahzadeh, or Prince, from the force of habit, or from his having mounted the throne at so early an age.