to use as much as possible the sampling techniques that will keep the cost down.

I can't answer, in other words, as to a precise figure at this point of time, because we actually do not have a full outline for the 5-year

census.

Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Assuming that the 5-year, midcensus were to seek less comprehensive information and concentrate more on a head count, would this make a substantial difference in the cost?

Mr. SHAW. I think there is very little doubt that the cost of whatever 5-year census is taken will be substantially less than that of the 10-year census.

Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Can you give me any guidance in round figures as to the cost?

Mr. SHAW. Mr. Congressman, I think we would have to furnish that for the record. I would like to consult the Census Bureau on that point.

Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Thank you very much, Dr. Shaw. (The information requested follows:)

ESTIMATED Cost of 1975 CENSUS

If a census were to be taken in 1975 on the basis of a complete count of the populaion, it could be expected that the range of costs based on current wage rates and prices would be between $70 million and $180 million. This provides a range generally similar to that furnished in connection with hearings on various bills proposed for a 1965 census. It should be noted, however, that the new legislation rovides for the use of sampling to the full extent that it may prove desirable. The Chairman. Mr. Brown.

Mr. BROWN. Mr. Trowbridge, I want to discuss the balance of payments for just a minute, and related areas. If you can't reduce Federal expenditures abroad as a means of controlling the balance of payments, is there any possibility that we can reduce foreign imports which come into this country or, if we should not do that, could we stimulate further exports of domestic manufacture?

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. Mr. Brown, as you well know, the balance-ofpayments problem is made up of lots of chunks. One of the real big chunks and probably the largest single one is the trade balance. That, over the past number of years, has been reduced from $6.7 billion, I believe, in 1964 to about $3.9 billion this year, or 1966.

It is, I think, clearly the administration policy to do what we can to promote exports and, again, accentuate the positive rather than to restrict imports.

As an overall policy we approach that this way. We realize, I think, that once you start this business of one stroke, you get a counterstroke. If you limit imports substantially in one direction, you will find your exports blocked in that or another category of trade by some of your major partners.

I think last year when we racked up an increase in exports of 11 percent, we could be proud of that gain. The trouble is that the import gain was closer to 20-19.7 I believe. This year we think that the trade surplus will improve. We are not sure how much. We are in the midst of a continuing and very active export promotion program primarily carried out by a series of regional groups made up of volunteers, businessmen in these regional export councils, 42 of them across the country.

They have been not only going out stimulating their colleagues in business on the need to go into international trade, but they have been helpful to us in recommending a series of governmental policy actions that will lead to greater profitability and greater interest int the business community for exports.

This is where our major emphasis is now. We have developed a lot of techniques in this export promotion business. A lot of those techniques have been reviewed recently by an action committee of the National Export Expansion Council. We have been told that they are good techniques, that we ought to do them and more of them, and we are proceeding to do that.

Mr. BROWN. Let us get this down to an individual company if I may suggest a problem here, an area which I think is a problem. Where does an individual company that wants to stimulate its foreign sales go to find the talent in a market in which it is interested, sales talent for a market in which it is interested?

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. Citizens of that country, in that market or Americans to go abroad.

Mr. BROWN. Perhaps American citizens would have some background or interest in that country.

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. Congressman, I don't think there is any central source of recruiting for international executives, which is what you are really describing. Of course, you have your whole executive talent capability in the United States, the search firms, as they are called. I think there is a growing number of experienced businessmen who have been in the international field just because we have been going through a tremendous amount of expansion in investment and trade abroad.

Before I came to this job, I was overseas for 10 years. A lot of my colleagues are now back here doing other jobs largely in the internanational field. I think that the Department of Commerce can be extremely helpful to the company you may have in mind in terms of information on business opportunities. We are not too good at headhunting, but we are awfully good at trade opportunity hunting. We can pinpoint a buyer for your seller down to a very close matching through data processing techniques and through a tremendous treasury of information which we are building up on companies all around the world.

Mr. BROWN. To put the shoe on the other foot for a minute, suppose I am someone who has background in some kind of overseas experience; how do I made contact with a company which might be interested in such talents as I have to sell?

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. If I were in a position of that type, I would use a number of alternatives. One would be the same talent-searching institutions; companies.

Mr. BROWN. You mentioned this twice. Would you expand on this? Mr. TROWBRIDGE. There are a number of really good recruiting firms.

Mr. BROWN. Firms with reference to overseas business?

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. There are some now which specialize in that. I can't give you the names offhand.

Mr. BROWN. Do you keep a directory in this area, however?

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. I think we can pinpoint a number of people who are active in this area; yes, sir. I would also, if I were looking

for a job, get hold of as many publications dealing with international commerce, to see which companies are mentioned. You could build up a good list that way. We could supply a list of American companies. We have 24,000 of them now registered as being anxious to get into international trade or are already in it. This is called the American Traders Index.

Mr. BROWN. Does the Federal Government maintain any registry of people with overseas background and interest?

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. Not specifically. Of course, the Federal Government would have in its files people who have applied for jobs within the Federal Government and which would have background in this field. Not that I know of do we keep a business catalog.

Mr. BROWN. What about the Peace Corps people and AID people, and so forth? There is no catalog kept on these.

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. Except as those agencies themselves may keep statistics, data on the background of their employees or ex-employees. I don't know any other program.

Mr. BROWN. Are these available to private business?

Mr. TROWBRIDGE. I honestly don't know. I could find out and let you know.

(The information requested follows:)

We understand that the Peace Corps does supply to private business upon request the names of recently separated volunteers who meet specified qualifications.

The Agency for International Development has provided financial assistance to the International Executive Service Corps, a non-profit corporation which sponsors and conducts a private non-government program to provide a means for private U.S. citizens to furnish technical assistance to business enterprises in less developed countries.

We understand that although the IESC is primarily oriented toward assisting local businesses in the less developed countries its facilities might be made available in appropriate cases to American businesses. Two brochures describing the IESC program are attached.

ATTACHMENT A

INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE SERVICE CORPS (IESC)

BACKGROUND

The idea for an International Executive Service Corps was conceived by two United States Senators, Vance Hartke of Indiana and Jacob Javits of New York, who advocated the establishment of a Corps to utilize the experience and know-how of retired American businessmen in business enterprises abroad. In December of 1963, David Rockefeller, President, The Chase Manhattan Bank, addressed the 13th International Management Congress. At that time, he called for a "Managerial Task Force of Free Enterprise," a corps of volunteers to be provided by private companies in the industrial nations from their senior management, to work in the economically developing countries. At the invitation of companies abroad, individuals or team units would work on projects which would further the growth of private enterprise and national economic development. David Rockefeller and a group of business and management people then organized, with Government support, the International Executive Service Corps. On January 1, 1965 IESC began operations, with David Rockefeller as Chairman, Frank Pace, Jr. as President, Sol Linowitz as Chairman of the Executive Committee and Ray R. Eppert as Vice Chairman of the Board.

IESC-WHAT IT IS

IESC is a private non-profit organization directed and managed by businessmen. Its primary objective is to help improve the performance of privately-owned

industrial and commercial enterprises in developing countries, essentially in the fields of general management, production, marketing and financial control. While it is recognized that help is needed also in non-commercial fields such as education, public welfare and professional activities, this is not within the planned scope of IESC.

HOW IESC OPERATES

IESC makes available on request experienced executives for limited periods of time usually three to six months-to advise management of enterprises seeking assistance and to help implement the recommendations made. IESC deals directly with individual businesses, and not through the governments of the United States and the host country.

ELIGIBILITY FOR IESC ASSISTANCE

IESC assistance is available to all types of companies except those which might be likely to obtain the desired help through other channels. The size of the company is not a determining factor in respect to eligibility for assistance, but the company must be able to benefit from the type of service IESC provides. While its primary objective is to assist private companies, IESC will also consider providing assistance to public projects, or to companies partially owned by government that are significant to the development of private enterprise.

FINANCING NEW ENTERPRISES

IESC does not furnish capital for new or existing enterprises.

AGREEMENT WITH IESC

Each company selected to participate in the program enters into an agreement with IESC. This agreement includes a description of the problem fcr which assistance is to be provided, the qualifications of the executive to be selected, the expected duration of the project, an understanding regarding the financial and other information to be made available to IESC, and a statement of the amount to be paid to IESC.

The charges made by IESC include a monthly fee based on local salary levels plus round-trip air transportation from the United States for the executive and his wife.

IESC EXECUTIVES

IESC executives are generally retired businessmen with general, as well as specialized, management experience, or in some cases men in mid-career with the particular skills and experience required for a specific project. Before any assignment is made, a statement of the background of the proposed executive is submitted for approval to the company requesting assistance.

IESC executives are volunteers. They serve without salary, receiving only living and travel expenses. They are men who believe that private enterprises are essential elements in the development of an economy. They are eager to assist those who direct these enterprises to improve their performance, and so increase the contribution of the private sector to national growth.

LENGTH OF SERVICE

In view of IESC's aim to provide only temporary assistance, it is expected that most assignments will be for three to six months. In some cases arrangements can be made for a longer period of service, or for a follow-up assignment after the initial phase of the project has been completed.

HOW TO APPLY FOR ASSISTANCE

Inquiries should be directed to the Country Representative of IESC, or to the Vice President-Overseas Operations, IESC, 720 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10019. A visit by an IESC representative will then be arranged to discuss the operations and to develop the information about the business necessary to determine if and how IESC can be helpful.

77-336-67-53

ATTACHMENT B

INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE SERVICE CORPS (IESC)

INFORMATION FOR VOLUNTEERS

"We must do more to utilize private initiative in the United States-and in the developing countries to promote economic development abroad. Accordingly, we are encouraging the establishment of an executive service corps which will provide American businessmen with an opportunity to furnish, on request, technical and managerial advice to businessmen in developing countries."

WHAT IS IESC?

LYNDON B. JOHNSON.

IESC is a private, non-profit organization established by leaders of the U.S. business community in 1964 to assist private enterprise in the developing countries.

IESC has two objectives:

WHAT ARE ITS OBJECTIVES?

First, to aid in the vital task of economic development-and more particularly, the building of a strong base of vigorous private enterprise in the developing nations through direct assistance by the business community in the United States to growing businesses abroad.

Second, to provide an opportunity for retired American businessmen to continue to put their know-how and experience to the highest use, and to enable younger mid-career executives to broaden their management experience, thus significantly increasing their value to their own companies.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

IESC receives requests for assistance from companies abroad and, upon approval of a project seeks to locate a volunteer executive whose skills and experience match the job to be done. IESC requires that the companies assisted pay a part of the cost of the program.

WHAT KINDS OF BUSINESS DOES IESC HELP?

Volunteer executives aid small and medium-size enterprises engaged in a wide range of marketing, manufacturing and service activities. Projects have included businesses in the metal fabricating, auto parts, plastic products, agricultural equipment, household appliances, ceramic tile, pharmaceuticals, building materials, detergents, fertilizers, wholesale and retail distribution, construction contracting, banking, insurance, television and many other fields.

WHAT SKILLS ARE IN DEMAND?

The skills most frequently needed are those of the true business generalists, men who have had broad direct managerial experience in most of the major aspects of a growing business operation-production, cost control, marketing and financial administration. In some instances experience in depth in one of these fields is required.

WHERE CAN YOU GO?

Projects are active or under consideration in the developing countries in Latin America, the Middle East, North Africa and Southeast Asia. IESC has no plans to undertake operations in the more advanced countries in Europe and elsewhere where business has attained a reasonable degree of sophistication and does not need our help. Conversely, we do not contemplate activity in those regions of the world where economic and political instability might limit IESC success.

WHO IS ELIGIBLE FOR IESC SERVICE?

Whether you have retired or are about to retire from active business life, or whether you are still in mid-career, if you have proven managerial or technical skills and experience and are interested and available for short-term assignments overseas, IESC is interested in YOU.