Analysis of Civil Government

ART. II.QUORUM.

1. A majority of either house is a quorum to do business. 2. A smaller number may adjourn from day to day.

3. A smaller number may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties

as each house may provide. 17.

ART. III.-JOURNAL.

1. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings.

2. They shall publish the same from time to time, except such parts as in their judgment shall require secrecy. 19.

ART. IV.
.-YEAS AND NAYS.

At the desire of one-fifth of those present, the

yeas and nays of the members of either house shall be entered on the journal on any

question. 19.

ART. V.-BUSINESS RULES.

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings. 18.

ART. VI. PENALTIES.

1. Either house may punish its members for disorderly behavior; and, 2. With the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 18.

1. Adjournments.

ART. VII.-PROHIBITIONS.

1st. Neither house during the session of Congress shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days; nor,

2d. To any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 20.

2. On Members. No member of either house shall, during the

time for which he was elected, be appointed to any office under the United States,

1st. Which shall have been created during such time; nor, 2d. The emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time. 22

ART. VIII.-OFFICIAL OATH.

The senators and representatives shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States. 81.

ART. IX. -SALARIES.

1. The members shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law; and,

2. The same shall be paid out of the treasury of the United States

21.

1. Resources.

CHAPTER IV.

POWERS OF CONGRESS.

ARTICLE I. -FINANCES.

1st. To lay and collect taxes, uniform duties, imposts and excises. 26.

But all direct taxes must be apportioned among the sev

eral States according to their respective numbers. 5,

47.

2d. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. 27. 3d. To dispose of the territory belonging to the United States. 4th. To dispose of other property belonging to the United States. 76.

2. Disbursements.

1st. To pay the debts of the United States.

2d. To provide for the common defense.

3d. To provide for the general welfare of the United States. 26.

To regulate commerce,

ART. II.-COMMERCE.

1. With foreign nations ;

2. Among the several States;

3. With the Indian tribes. 28.

ART. III.-COMMERCIAL.

1. To coin money;

2. To regulate the value thereof;

3. To regulate the value of foreign coin;

4. To fix the standard of weights and measures. 30.

5. To establish uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States. 29.

ART. IV. - PENALTIES.

1. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting,
1st. The securities of the United States;

2d. The current coin of the United States. 31.
2. To define piracies and felonies committed on the high seas,
and offenses against the law of nations;

3. Also to provide for punishing these crimes. 35.
4. To declare the punishment of treason. 70.

ART. V.-- POSTAL.

1. To establish post-offices;

2. To establish post-roads. 32.

ART. VI.-PATENT AND COPY RIGHTS.

To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times,

1. To authors, the exclusive right to their respective writings; 2. To inventors, the exclusive right to their respective discoveries. 33.

1. To declare war ;

ART. VII. -WAR.

2. To grant letters of marque and reprisal;

3. To make rules concerning captures on land and water. 36. 4. To raise and support armies. 37.

5. To provide and maintain a navy. 38.

6. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces. 39.

7. To provide, 1st. For organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia ;

2d. For governing such part of the militia as may be em

ployed in the service of the United States. 41.