...urn is equally true of bottles of aerated water (Torgesen v. Schult?., 192 NY 156, 84 NE 956). . . . reasonably certain to place life and limb in peril...Its nature gives warning of the consequences to be ex pected. If to the clement of danger there is added knowledge that the thing will be used by persons...

...Cardozo stated that "if the nature of the thing is such that it is reasonably certain to produce loss of life and limb in peril when negligently made, it is then a thing of danger." This case extended doctrine first recognized in Thomas v. Winchester for poisons to other consumer...

...burden of proof on the unsuspecting consumer to a world that places the burden on the manufacturer: If the nature of a thing is such that it is reasonably...consequences to be expected. If to the element of danger then is added knowledge that the thing will be used by persons other than the purchasers and used without...

...inspected its wheels, Buick provided the technical grounds for Cardozo to restrict the privity doctrine: "If to the element of danger there is added knowledge...and used without new tests, then, irrespective of the contract, the manufacturer of this thing of danger is under a duty to make it carefully."12"4 Cardozo's...

...and things of like nature, to things which in their normal Operation are implements of destruction. If the nature of a thing is such that it is reasonably certain to place and limb in peril when negligently made, it is then a thing of danger. [...] There must also be knowledge...