Law which are the universal rule of the whole kingdom,

and form the Common Law in its stricter and more

usual signification.- -Particular Customs, which for the

most part affect only the inhabitants of particular dis-

tricts. -Rules with regard to particular Customs.-

How Customs are construed.- -The Civil Law.-The

Canon Law.-Courts in which the Civil or Canon

Laws are permitted, under different restrictions, to be

used ...

39

...

CHAPTER IV.-Statute Law-The "Leges Scriptæ," or

Written Laws of the Kingdom.

Public Statutes. Private Statutes.-

-Statutes declara-

tory of the Common Law.-Remedial Statutes made to

supply defects in the Common Law.—Rules of Legislative

Policy for the construction of Acts of Parliament

...

45

CHAPTER V.-Countries Subject to the Laws of England.

Introduction of the Laws of England into Wales.—Union of

England and Scotland.-Municipal Laws of Scotland to

be observed in Scotland unless altered by Parliament.-

The Laws of England in regard to those of Ireland.-

Isle of Man governed by its own laws, but bound by Acts

of United Kingdom when named.- -Jersey, Guernsey,

Sark, Alderney, and their appendages governed by their own

laws, but bound by common Acts of Parliament unless par-

ticularly named.—India now brought directly under the

government of the Queen and English Law.- "Civil" and

"Ecclesiastical" divisions of the territory of England.-

Definition of Parish.- Shire.City.— -Borough.-

County Palatine.-Counties

66

CHAPTER VI.-The Rights of Persons.

48

The "Rights" that are commanded and the "Wrongs" that

are forbidden by the Laws of England explained. The

Rights of "Things," and the Means of Acquiring and

Losing them.- -Private Wrongs, or civil injuries, with

the means of redressing them by law. -Public Wrongs,

or crimes and misdemeanors, with the means of prevention

and punishment.-Absolute Rights of Individuals.-

Relative Rights of Persons.- -Personal Security.-

Personal Liberty. The Habeas Corpus Act. Rights

of Property explained. Right of applying to the Courts

of Justice for Redress of Injuries

CHAPTER VII.-Parliament.

53

The relative Relations of Persons.- -Public Magistrates and

People.—The Origin or first institution of Parliament.

-The House of Peers.-The House of Commons.

-The method of making Laws explained.- -Qualifi-

cations and Disqualifications for serving in the Com-

mons House of Parliament. Qualifications of the

Electors

59

CHAPTER VIII.-The Sovereign and the Nature of

the Sovereign's Title.

The Sovereign's Right of Succession explained.- -His-

tory of the Succession of the Crown from King Egbert

to Queen Victoria ...

...

67

CHAPTER IX.-The Queen and the Royal Family.

The Queen Regnant, her Prerogative and Duties defined;

and the Members of the Royal Family described.- -The

amount of the Sovereign's Revenues.- -Councils belonging

to the Sovereign.- -Duties of a Privy Councillor.- -The

subordinate Magistrates under the Crown; their rights and

duties defined.- -Coroners.- -Justices of the Peace.-

Constables.Highway Surveyors.- -Overseers of the

Poor, &c.

CHAPTER X.-The People.

...

73

The People, whether Aliens, Denizens, or Natives, ex-

plained. Their Rights and Privileges.- -The Clergy.

-Parish Clerks.- -Sextons, &c.

83

...

CHAPTER XI.-The Civil State.

The Civil State, which includes all the nation except

the Clergy, the Army, and the Navy, explained. The

Commonalty.The Military State.- The Maritime

CHAPTER XII.-The Three Great Relations in Private

Life.

1. Master and Servant, founded in convenience.

2. Husband and Wife, founded in nature, but modified

by civil society.-3. Parent and Child, consequential

to marriage.- -Rights and Duties of Master and Servant.

-The reciprocal Rights and Duties of Man and Wife.

-Duties of Parent and Child.- -The Elementary Educa-
tion Act.- -Duties of Children to their Parents.- -Private
relation of Guardian and Ward.- -Infants' power to con-
tract, power to sue.- -Bastards...

...

CHAPTER XIII.-Corporations and Companies.

91

Purposes and advantages of "Corporations" or "Bodies

Politic" explained.-Corporations aggregate.-Corpo-

rations sole. Powers incident to all Corporations.-

Municipal Corporations.Railway and other Companies.

which require special Parliamentary powers.-Joint-stock

Companies formed under the Joint-Stock Companies' Acts.

-Duties of all Bodies Politic ...

101

BOOK II.

THE RIGHTS OF THINGS.

CHAPTER I.-Of Property in General.

Origin and Foundation of the Rights of Property.-

Reciprocal transfer of Property by sale, grant, or convey-

ance.- -Right of Occupancy vested in the new acquirer.

-Right of Inheritance.- -Descent.- -The ends of civil

society of assigning to everything capable of ownership a

legal and determinate owner

...

CHAPTER II.-Of Real Property.

Things "Real," and their several kinds.-

. 107

-Tenements.-

Hereditaments. Incorporeal Hereditaments.-Advow-

Right of Common.-Right of Way.

Dignities. Franchises.

sons.- Tithes.

Offices.

-Rents

CHAPTER III.-The Feudal System.

Annuities.

113

The Nature and Doctrine of Feuds.- -The Feudal Polity.

-Introduction of the Feudal Tenures into England.-

Finesse of the Norman lawyers.- -Magna Charta at

Runnymede

...

...

...

118

CHAPTER IV.-Ancient English Tenures.-Modern Eng-

lish Tenures.

Ancient Tenures-

-How and by whom Ancient English

Tenures were abolished.- -Modern English Tenures.-

Tenure of "pure villenage,” from which sprang our present

"Copyhold Tenures."- -Origin and Nature of Manors, and

how Copyholds arose out of Manors.- -Tenure of Ancient

Demesne.—Tenure of Frankalmoign, or free alms ... 123

CHAPTER V.-Estates of Inheritance.

quantity of

Nature and Properties of Estates.The

interest" that the tenant may have in the tenement ex-

plained.- -An estate in fee-simple, or freehold.- -Estates

in fee-simple, absolute.-Fee qualified; Fee conditional;

and Fee tail. -Estates in general and special tail ... 131

CHAPTER VI.-Estates for Life.

Estates "not of inheritance," and how they are created,

explained. Tenant in Tail after possibility of issue extinct.

-Tenant by the Curtesy of England.- -Tenant in

Dower. Jointure.-Free Bench

CHAPTER VII.-Estates less than Freehold.

Estates for years, explained.-Estates at will

estate by sufferance

CHAPTER VIII.-Estates upon Condition.

. 135

Estates upon condition implied.- -Estates upon condition

expressed.Estates held in Vadio-gage or pledge.-

Vivum Vadium, living pledge.- -Mortuum Vadium, dead

pledge, or Mortgage.--Equity of Redemption.-An

estate by Elegit

...

143

CHAPTER IX.-Estates in Possession, Remainder, and

Reversion.

Estates in Possession, Remainder, and Reversion explained.

-Rules with respect to the creation of a remainder.

Vested or contingent remainders.- -Executory remainders.
-An Estate in Reversion.- -Sale of Reversions ... 147

CHAPTER X.-Estates in Severalty, Joint-Tenancy,

Coparcenary, and Common.

Tenements in Severalty explained.An Estate in Joint-

tenancy, the creation of an estate in joint-tenancy, and its

severance. -An Estate held in Coparcenary.-—How an

estate in coparcenary may be destroyed.- -Tenants in

Common.How created.-How dissolved...

151